Table of Contents

List of contributors

Introduction

Lada Trifonova Price, Karen Sanders, and Wendy N. Wyatt

SECTION 1

The development of journalism ethics and perspectives from

around the world

1 Why ethics still matters

Karen Sanders

2 From parochial to global: the turbulent history of journalism ethics

Stephen J. A. Ward

3 From journalism ethics to communication ethics

Pieter J. Fourie

4 Becoming Junzi: a Confucian approach to journalism ethics

Yayu Feng

5 Journalism culture and ethical ideology

Thomas Hanitzsch

6 Revisiting the requirements of Hutchins: context and coverage in

the post-George Floyd world

Scott Libin

7 Treating "local" journalists ethically: international news

organizations and global media ethics

Lindsay Palmer

8 The case for global media ethics

Herman Wasserman

9 Slow journalism as ethical journalism?

Tony Harcup

10 An Islamic perspective on media ethics: revisiting Western

journalism ethics

Saadia Izzeldin Malik

11 I am because we are: a relational approach to journalism

Leyla Tavernaro-Haidarian

12 Journalism ethics and practice in enclave societies

Nakhi Mishol-Shauli and Oren Golan

13 "Tell China’s story well": ethical orientations of Chinese journalists

in international reporting

Tianbo Xu and Minyao Tang

14 Formal freedom but tacit control: journalism in Japan

Shinji Oi, Shinsuke Sako, and Masaki Naka

15 Ethical choices in Brazilian journalism: corruption, investigation,

and community media

Raquel Paiva and Alexandre Enrique Leitão

16 Visual ethics: a matter of survival

Julianne H. Newton

SECTION 2

Enduring issues in journalism ethics

PART I

Broad issues

17 The ethics of privacy and the public interest: from principle to application

Franz Krüger

18 Exploring key principles: neutrality, balance, objectivity, and truth

Richard Thomas

19 Professional autonomy in an age of corporate interests

Angela Phillips

20 The ethics of transparency

Stephanie Craft and Tim P. Vos

21 Journalism ethics and political satire

Chad Painter

22 "Ventriloquists’ dummies" or truth bringers? The journalist’s role in

giving whistle-blowers a voice

Paul Lashmar

23 Ethical approaches to reporting death and trauma affecting

ordinary people

Jackie Newton and Sallyanne Duncan

24 Islam in the news: a model for transformation

Jacqui Ewart and Kate O’Donnell

25 Ethics and reporting on religion: from public interest

to public good

Verica Rupar

26 Representing women: challenges for the UK media and beyond

Suzanne Franks and Katie Toms

PART II

Case studies on day-to-day practices

27 The ethics of reporting rape in India: a case study

Somava Pande

28 Suicide news items and the pornographization of death: a Turkish

case study

Elif Korap Özel and Şadiye Deniz

29 Journalism ethics and the political economy of zakazukha and

kompromat in Russia

Anna Klyueva

30 Echo chamber journalism: migration reporting in Hungary

Péter Bajomi-Lázár

31 Beyond the ethics of objectivity: covering the refugee crisis in Slovenia

Dejan Jontes

32 Media capture in Central and Eastern Europe: the corrosive impact

on democracy and desecration of journalistic ethics

William Horsley

33 Mapping ethical dilemmas for sports journalism: an overview of the

Spanish landscape

José Luis Rojas-Torrijos and Xavier Ramon-Vegas

SECTION 3

Emerging issues in journalism ethics

34 Ethical issues in data journalism

Bastiaan Vanacker

35 Ethical issues in large-scale journalistic investigations

Gillian Phillips

36 Journalists’ use of UGC and automated content: ethical issues

Ramón Salaverría

37 Algorithmic news: ethical implications of bias in artificial

intelligence in journalism

Kathleen Bartzen Culver and Xerxes Minocher

38 The moral mandate of virtual reality journalism

John V. Pavlik

39 Clickbait and banal news

David Harte

40 "BREAKING NEWS": sourcing, online newsgathering,

and verification

David A. Craig

41 The case for using informed consent in journalism

Bruce Gillespie

42 Ethical implications of the right to be forgotten

Ana Azurmendi

43 The influence of fake news: rebuilding public trust in journalism

Kati Tusinski Berg

44 Native advertising and the negotiation of autonomy, transparency,

and deception

Raul Ferrer-Conill, Michael Karlsson, and Elizabeth Van Couvering

45 Journalism ethics and its participatory turn

Tobias Eberwein

46 Facebook and the boundaries of professional journalism

Brett G. Johnson and Kimberly Kelling

SECTION 4

Standard setting

47 Press self-regulation in an international context

Susanne Fengler

48 Journalism codes of conduct and ethics as a form of media governance

Katharine Sarikakis and Lisa Winter

49 Responsible freedom: the democratic challenge of regulating

online media

Jessica Heesen

50 Setting limits and controlling the media for ethical journalism

Chris Frost

51 Organizational ethics: theories and evidence of the influence of

organizations on news content and the ethics of individual journalists

Renita Coleman and Hussain Alkhafaji

52 Where accountability is insufficient, bad journalism thrives: the case

of the United Kingdom press

Brian Cathcart

53 Media accountability and complaint handling in Spain

Dolors Palau-Sampio

54 Reminders of responsibility: journalism ethics codes in Western Europe

Epp Lauk

55 Masters in their own house: media self-regulation as a safeguard for

press freedom

Svein Brurås

56 Ethics codes in post-communist countries: the case of Bulgaria and

Romania

Lada Trifonova Price

57 The humble yet lofty goals of a journalism ethics course

Wendy N. Wyatt

Index

About the Author

Lada Trifonova Price is a senior journalism lecturer in the Department of Media, Arts, and Communication at Sheffield Hallam University in the UK. She is a former journalist, and her current research focuses on media and journalistic practice in transitional democracies. She is a co-director of education at the Centre for Freedom of the Media, one of the leading non-profit organizations in the field of journalism safety. Some recent publications include original research articles on media corruption, chapters on impact of media censorship and self-censorship on journalism in post-communist countries, and analyses of the effects of democratization on the media landscape of Bulgaria and Romania.

Karen Sanders is a professor of communication and politics at St Mary’s University (London, UK). She has published widely on ethics, identity, and public communication and is the author of key texts such as Ethics and Journalism (2003) and Communicating Politics in the 21st Century (2008). She is a founding member of the journal Ethical Space and of the Association of Political Communication (ACOP). Previously professor in Madrid and Sheffield University, she lived for a time in Peru, resulting in the publication of an account of the intellectual foundations of the modern Peruvian state. Sanders has a special interest in understanding and fostering respectful communication in high‐risk organizations.

Wendy N. Wyatt is the vice provost for academic affairs and a professor of media ethics at the University of St. Thomas-Minnesota in the US. Her research focuses on issues of media and democracy, and she has particular interests in journalism ethics, citizen responsibilities to the media, and media literacy. Wyatt was part of the five-person editorial team that guided development of the Online News Association’s "Build Your Own Ethics Code" platform.