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The past two decades has witnessed unprecedented changes in the corporate governance landscape in Europe, the US and Asia. Across many countries, activist investors have pursued engagements with management of target companies. More recently, the role of the hostile activist shareholder has been taken up by a set of hedge funds. Hedge fund activism is characterized by mergers and corporate restructuring, replacement of management and board
members, proxy voting, and lobbying of management. These investors target and research companies, take large positions in `their stock, criticize their business plans and governance practices, and confront
their managers, demanding action enhancing shareholder value. This book analyses the impact of activists on the companies that they invest, the effects on shareholders and on activists funds themselves. Chapters examine such topic as investors' strategic approaches, the financial returns they produce, and the regulatory frameworks within which they operate. The chapters also provide historical context, both of activist investment and institutional shareholder passivity.
The volume facilitates a comparison between the US and the EU, juxtaposing not only regulatory patterns but investment styles.
The past two decades has witnessed unprecedented changes in the corporate governance landscape in Europe, the US and Asia. Across many countries, activist investors have pursued engagements with management of target companies. More recently, the role of the hostile activist shareholder has been taken up by a set of hedge funds. Hedge fund activism is characterized by mergers and corporate restructuring, replacement of management and board
members, proxy voting, and lobbying of management. These investors target and research companies, take large positions in `their stock, criticize their business plans and governance practices, and confront
their managers, demanding action enhancing shareholder value. This book analyses the impact of activists on the companies that they invest, the effects on shareholders and on activists funds themselves. Chapters examine such topic as investors' strategic approaches, the financial returns they produce, and the regulatory frameworks within which they operate. The chapters also provide historical context, both of activist investment and institutional shareholder passivity.
The volume facilitates a comparison between the US and the EU, juxtaposing not only regulatory patterns but investment styles.
1: William W. Bratton and Joseph A. McCahery: Introduction
Part I. The Disempowered Shareholder
2: Stuart Gillan and Laura T. Starks: The Evolution of Shareholder
Activism in the United States
3: Lucian A. Bebchuk: The Myth of the Shareholder Franchise
4: Peter Cziraki, Luc Renneboog and Peter G. Szilagyi: Shareholder
Activism through Proxy Proposals: The European Perspective
Part II. Hedge Fund Activism
A. Patterns and Policy Questions - Dark Sides and Light Sides
5: Marcel Kahan and Edward Rock: Hedge Funds in Corporate
Governance and Corporate Control
6: John Armour and Brian Cheffins: The Rise and Fall (?) of
Shareholder Activism by Hedge Funds
B. Ownership Stakes, Operating Results, and Financial Returns
7: Marco Becht, Julian Franks, Colin Mayer and Stefano Rossi:
Returns to Shareholder Activism: Evidence from a Clinical Study of
the Hermes Focus Fund
8: Alon Brav, Wei Jiang, Frank Partnoy and Randall Thomas: Hedge
Fund Activism, Corporate Governance and Corporate Performance
9: April Klein and Emanuel Zur: Entrepreneurial Shareholder
Activism: Hedge Funds and Other Private Investors
C. Strategic Holding versus Collective Interest: Empty Voting and
Bankruptcy Reorganization
10: Henry T.C. Hu and Bernard S. Black: Debt, Equity and Hybrid
Decoupling: Corporate Governance and Systemic risk Implications
11: Douglas Baird and Robert K. Rasmussen: Common Pools, Common
Disasters and the Anti-Commons: Hedge Fund Activity in Corporate
Reorganizations
12: Wei Jiang, Kai Li and Wei Wang: Hedge Funds and Chapter 11
Part III. Private Equity and Corporate Governance
A. Structure and Motivation
13: Steven N. Kaplan and Per Strömberg: Leveraged Buyouts and
Private Equity
B. How has Private Equity Performed?
14: Ludovic Phalippou: Performance of Buyout Funds Revisited
Part IV. The Regulatory Framework
A. Structural Treatment of Hedge funds and Private Equity: Investor
Protection and Systemic Risk
15: Douglas Cumming, Na Dai, and Sofia A. Johan: Hedge Fund
Regulation and Governance
16: Dan Awrey: The Limits of EU Hedge Fund Regulation
17: Joseph A. McCahery and Erik P.M. Vermeulen: Recasting Private
Equity Funds after the Financial Crisis: The End of 'Two and
Twenty' and the Emergence of Co-Investment and Separate Account
Arrangements
B. Regulation and the Costs and Benefits of Shareholder
Activism
18: Lucian A. Bebchuk and Robert J. Jackson,Jr.: The Law and
Economics of Blockholder Disclosure
19: Jill E. Fisch: The Destructive Ambiguity of Federal Proxy
Access
C. Law Reform: the Burden of Persuasion
20: William W. Bratton and Michael L. Wachter: The Case Against
Shareholder Empowerment
William Bratton is Nicholas F. Gallicchio Professor of Law and
Co-Director of the Institute for Law & Economics at the University
of Pennsylvania Law School. He is recognized internationally as a
leading writer on business law. He brings an interdisciplinary
perspective to a wide range of subject matters that encompass
corporate governance, corporate finance, accounting, corporate
legal history, and comparative corporate law. His work has appeared
in the
California, Cornell, Michigan, Northwestern, Pennsylvania, Southern
California, Stanford, and Virginia law reviews, and the Duke and
Georgetown law journals amoung others. His book, Corporate Finance:
Cases and
Materials (Foundation Press, 7th ed. 2012), is the leading law
school text on the subject. Bratton is a Research Associate of the
European Corporate Governance Institute. In 2009, he was installed
as the Anton Philips Professor at the Faculty of Law of Tilburg
University, the fifth American academic to hold the chair. Joseph
A. McCahery is Professor of International Economic Law at TILEC and
Tilburg University School of Law. He is Program Director of the
Finance and Law programs at Duisenberg
school of finance. Previously, he held the Goldschmidt Visiting
Chair of Corporate Governance at the Solvay Business School of the
University of Brussels and Chair in Corporate Governance and
Innovation
at the University of Amsterdam Faculty of Business and Economics.
He is co-director of the Amsterdam Center for Corporate Finance. He
has contributed to the literature on banking and securities law,
corporate law, corporate governance, the political economy of
federalism, and taxation and has published in a wide range of top
academic journals. He is a Research Associate of the European
Corporate Governance Institute. He has served as a legal expert for
the Centre for European Policy Studies,
Monitoring Committee Corporate Governance, The Netherlands Ministry
of Finance, OECD, and other governmental organizations.
Bratton and McCaherys edited volume addresses todays most
fundamental question regarding the governance of
dispersed-ownership corporations: have private equity and activist
hedge funds solved the problem of the separation of ownership from
control? This remarkable collection of essays by the worlds leading
corporate governance scholars will play a critical role in shaping
the discussion in both academic and policy circles for many years
to come.
*Merritt B. Fox, Michael E. Patterson Professor of Law, NASDAQ
Professor for Law and Economics of Capital Markets, Columbia
University Law School*
Hedge funds and private equity funds are the active governance
agents of late. Bratton and McCahery have put together a collection
of highly informative essays examining many aspects of the
governance model adopted by these institutional investors: tactics,
performance, economic consequences, as well as the regulatory
framework in which they operate. The volume must be recommended to
anyone interested in corporate governance.
*Mike Burkart, Gösta Olson Professor of Finance, Stockholm School
of Economics*
Hedge fund activism and private equity have become central for
corporate governance in recent years. This books collects
impressive papers from some of the most prominent academics in the
field, which is now richer for the editors and authors efforts.
*Mark J. Roe, David Berg Professor of Law, Harvard Law School*
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